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Title:: Review of the Seismogenic Study and the Mechanism of Earthquake Resulted from the Deep-earth Fluids

Keywords:: deep-earth fluids; earthquake; phase transfer; pore fluid pressure

摘要:: 论述了地震的形成、发生机制与深部流体在地震形成过程中的作用。地震的孕育过程是十分复杂的,地震的成因机制可能是多种多样的。对地震成因和地震前兆形成机理的深入认识对实现准确预测地震和减轻地震灾害有重要意义。地球内部是个含水体系,流体和壳幔内不连续层与地震的孕育和发生有着密切关系。深部流体可以降低岩石的强度、熔点,可以传输热能,改变矿物相变的温压条件,促进地震的孕育和发生。当地质体内流体的压力大于岩石抗压强度时,可以直接导致地震发生。

Abstract:: The role the of deep-earth fluids in seismogenic mechanism were syetematically discussed.The correct understandings for seismogenic mechanism and precursors are preconditions for the impending-earthquake prediction and the seismic-disaster mitigation.Over the past one hundred years,some hypotheses for seismogenesis were proposed.However,the seismogenic mechanism has not been well revealed.The important role of fluids in generation and occurrence of earthquakes has attracted more and more attention.The strength,the melting temperature of rocks in deep earth can be reduced by fluids.Fluids act as the medium for heat transfer,and they change the pressure and temperature for stabilities of minerals to facilitate the generation and occurrence of earthquakes.Fluids can directly result in earthquake when the pore fluid pressure exceeds the elastic stress of rock.