地震研究

2012年9月7日彝良5.7、5.6级地震的近场异常^*

何德强,李亚芳,佘如昌,梁冰,曾子明,申玻

(昭通市防震减灾局,云南昭通 657000)

关键词：彝良5.7、5.6级地震; 近震源区; 地震活动异常; 前兆异常

Near Field Anomalies of Yiliang M5.7,5.6 Earthquakes on Sep.7,2102

HE De-qiang,LI Ya-fang,SHE Ru-chang,LIANG Bing,ZENG Zi-ming,SHEN Bo

(Zhaotong Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Administration,Zhaotong 657000,Yunnan,China)

Keywords：Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes; near field region; earthquake activity anomaly; precursory anomaly

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摘要

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参考文献

通过对2012年9月7日云南省昭通市彝良县洛泽河一带5.7、5.6级地震前近场区的地震活动和前兆异常研究,总结得出地震活动异常主要为“震前4级地震活动水平增强、出现小震活动空区,孕震早期有‘信号震',短期出现‘逼近地震'”; 前兆异常开始于震前1年左右,流体异常早于形变异常,短临阶段前兆异常有由外围向震中迁移的现象,临震异常出现的时间较为集中,主要在9月1日和5日2个时间点。

Research on seismic activity and precursory anomalies in the near field before the M5.7,5.6 earthquakes in Luoze River of Yiliang County in Zhaotong on Sep.7,2012,we summarized the maim characteristic of seismic activity before Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes is that the increasing of M4.0 earthquakes activity and small earthquake activity gap appeared before the earthquake,‘signal shock' appeared in the early stage of earthquake preparation and the impending earthquakes appeared in a short time. Precursory anomalies had begun in one year before the earthquake and fluid anomalies occurred earlier than deformation anomalies. In the short-term and impending stages,the precursory anomalies migrated from the periphery to epicenter and the appearance time of impending anomalies mainly focused on Sep.1 and Sep.5 in 2012.

引言
1 地震参数
2 昭通及邻区地震活动异常
3 前兆异常分析
4 认识和讨论

表1 2012年“9·7”彝良5.7、5.6级地震参数<br/>Tab.1 Parameters of Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes on Sep.,7,2012

表1 2012年“9·7”彝良5.7、5.6级地震参数
Tab.1 Parameters of Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes on Sep.,7,2012

图1 昭通及邻区5级以上地震M-T图<br/>Fig.1 M-T diagram of M≥5 earthquakes in Zhaotong and its adjacent region

图1 昭通及邻区5级以上地震M-T图
Fig.1 M-T diagram of M≥5 earthquakes in Zhaotong and its adjacent region

图2 昭通及邻区4级地震年频度图<br/>Fig.2 Annual frequency diagram of M4.0 earthquakes in Zhaotong and its adjacent region

图2 昭通及邻区4级地震年频度图
Fig.2 Annual frequency diagram of M4.0 earthquakes in Zhaotong and its adjacent region

图3 滇东北地区2011年10月以来2级以上地震震中分布图<br/>Fig.3 Epicenter distribution of M≥2 earthquakes in northeastern Yunnan since Oct.,2011

图3 滇东北地区2011年10月以来2级以上地震震中分布图
Fig.3 Epicenter distribution of M≥2 earthquakes in northeastern Yunnan since Oct.,2011

图4 2000年以来马边—盐津地震带昭通“闭锁”段2.6级以上地震(a)M-T图;(b)地震时间间隔曲线图<br/>Fig.4 M≥2.6 earthquakes occurred on the locked segment in Zhaotong of the Mabian-Yanjin seismic belt since 2000(a)M-T diagram;(b)the time interval curve of earthquakes

图4 2000年以来马边—盐津地震带昭通“闭锁”段2.6级以上地震(a)M-T图;(b)地震时间间隔曲线图
Fig.4 M≥2.6 earthquakes occurred on the locked segment in Zhaotong of the Mabian-Yanjin seismic belt since 2000(a)M-T diagram;(b)the time interval curve of earthquakes

图5 滇东北地区1965～2012年4级以上地震震中分布图<br/>(a)2009年9月10日大关4.2级地震;(b)2012年6月12日盐津4.2级地震<br/>Fig.5 Epicenter distribution of M≥4 earthquakes in northeastern Yunnan from 1965 to 2012(a)Daguan M4.2 earthquake on Sep.10,2009;(b)Yanjin M4.2 earthquake on Jun.12,2012

图5 滇东北地区1965～2012年4级以上地震震中分布图
(a)2009年9月10日大关4.2级地震;(b)2012年6月12日盐津4.2级地震
Fig.5 Epicenter distribution of M≥4 earthquakes in northeastern Yunnan from 1965 to 2012(a)Daguan M4.2 earthquake on Sep.10,2009;(b)Yanjin M4.2 earthquake on Jun.12,2012

图6 彝良地震前兆异常台站分布图<br/>Fig.6 Distribution of precursory anomalies stations before Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes

图6 彝良地震前兆异常台站分布图
Fig.6 Distribution of precursory anomalies stations before Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes

图7 彝良地震中期流体测项异常<br/>(a)巧家台水氡;(b)永善台水氡;(c)盐津台水氡; <br/>(d)鲁甸台氟离子;(e)鲁甸台电导<br/>Fig.7 Abnormities of medium-term fluid items of Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes (a)water radon recorded by Qiaojia Station;(b)water radon recorded by Yongshan Station;(c)water radon recorded by Yanjin Station;(d)fluorinion recorded by Ludian Station; (e)conduction recorded by Ludian Station

图7 彝良地震中期流体测项异常
(a)巧家台水氡;(b)永善台水氡;(c)盐津台水氡;
(d)鲁甸台氟离子;(e)鲁甸台电导
Fig.7 Abnormities of medium-term fluid items of Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes (a)water radon recorded by Qiaojia Station;(b)water radon recorded by Yongshan Station;(c)water radon recorded by Yanjin Station;(d)fluorinion recorded by Ludian Station; (e)conduction recorded by Ludian Station

图8 水富台形变矢量图<br/>Fig.8 Deformation vectorgraph recorded by Shuifu Station

图8 水富台形变矢量图
Fig.8 Deformation vectorgraph recorded by Shuifu Station

图9 彝良地震短期流体测项异常<br/>(a)四川普格台二氧化碳;(b)四川布拖台二氧化碳; <br/>(c)盐津台水氡;(d)大关台二氧化碳;(e)鲁甸<br/>茨院台地温;(f)昭阳区一中台地温<br/>Fig.9 Abnormities of fluid items in short-term of Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes (a)Carbon dioxide recorded by Puge Station in Sichuan;(b)Carbon dioxide recorded by Butuo Station in Sichuan;(c)water radon recorded by Yanjin Station;(d)Carbon dioxide recorded by Daguan Station;(e)ground temperature recorded by Ciyuan Station in Ludian;(f)ground temperature recorded by Zhaoyang Station

图9 彝良地震短期流体测项异常
(a)四川普格台二氧化碳;(b)四川布拖台二氧化碳;
(c)盐津台水氡;(d)大关台二氧化碳;(e)鲁甸
茨院台地温;(f)昭阳区一中台地温
Fig.9 Abnormities of fluid items in short-term of Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes (a)Carbon dioxide recorded by Puge Station in Sichuan;(b)Carbon dioxide recorded by Butuo Station in Sichuan;(c)water radon recorded by Yanjin Station;(d)Carbon dioxide recorded by Daguan Station;(e)ground temperature recorded by Ciyuan Station in Ludian;(f)ground temperature recorded by Zhaoyang Station

图10 彝良地震短期形变测项异常<br/>(a)彝良台倾斜矢量图;(b)永善台石英水平摆矢量图; <br/>(c)彝良台四分量钻孔应变矢量图<br/>Fig.10 Abnormities of short-term deformation items of Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes (a)tilt vectorgraph recorded by Yiliang Station;(b)quartz horizontal pendulum vectorgraph recorded by Yongshan Station;(c)borehole strain vectorgraph in four component recorded by Yiliang Station

图10 彝良地震短期形变测项异常
(a)彝良台倾斜矢量图;(b)永善台石英水平摆矢量图;
(c)彝良台四分量钻孔应变矢量图
Fig.10 Abnormities of short-term deformation items of Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes (a)tilt vectorgraph recorded by Yiliang Station;(b)quartz horizontal pendulum vectorgraph recorded by Yongshan Station;(c)borehole strain vectorgraph in four component recorded by Yiliang Station

图11 彝良地震前临震形变异常<br/>(a)彝良台钻孔应变;(b)渔洞台钻孔应变;(c)大关台<br/>钻孔应变;(d)威信台钻孔应变;(e)彝良台倾斜<br/>Fig.11 Impending earthquake deformation anomalies before Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes(a)borehole strain recorded by Yiliang Station;(b)borehole strain recorded by Yudong Station;(c)borehole strain recorded by Daguan Station;(d)borehole strain recorded by Weixin Station;(e)tilt recorded by Yiliang Station

图11 彝良地震前临震形变异常
(a)彝良台钻孔应变;(b)渔洞台钻孔应变;(c)大关台
钻孔应变;(d)威信台钻孔应变;(e)彝良台倾斜
Fig.11 Impending earthquake deformation anomalies before Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes(a)borehole strain recorded by Yiliang Station;(b)borehole strain recorded by Yudong Station;(c)borehole strain recorded by Daguan Station;(d)borehole strain recorded by Weixin Station;(e)tilt recorded by Yiliang Station

图12 彝良地震前临震流体异常<br/>(a)昭阳区乐居台地温整点值曲线图;(b)威信台氦气整点值曲线图<br/>Fig.12 Impending earthquake fluid anomalies before Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes(a)whole point graph of ground temperature recorded by Leju Station in Zhaoyang;(b)whole point graph of helium recorded by Weixin Station

图12 彝良地震前临震流体异常
(a)昭阳区乐居台地温整点值曲线图;(b)威信台氦气整点值曲线图
Fig.12 Impending earthquake fluid anomalies before Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes(a)whole point graph of ground temperature recorded by Leju Station in Zhaoyang;(b)whole point graph of helium recorded by Weixin Station

图13 彝良地震前临震电磁波整点值异常<br/>(a)渔洞台;(b)巧家台<br/>Fig.13 Impending earthquakes electromagnetic whole point anomalies curve before Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes(a)Yudong Station;(b)Qiaojia Station

图13 彝良地震前临震电磁波整点值异常
(a)渔洞台;(b)巧家台
Fig.13 Impending earthquakes electromagnetic whole point anomalies curve before Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes(a)Yudong Station;(b)Qiaojia Station

图14 彝良地震前兆异常台站分布图<br/>(a)中期异常;(b)短期异常;(c)临震异常<br/>Fig.14 Station distribution of precursory anomalies before Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes (a)mid-term anomaly;(b)short-term anomaly;(c)impending earthquake anomaly

图14 彝良地震前兆异常台站分布图
(a)中期异常;(b)短期异常;(c)临震异常
Fig.14 Station distribution of precursory anomalies before Yiliang M5.7,5.6 earthquakes (a)mid-term anomaly;(b)short-term anomaly;(c)impending earthquake anomaly