地震研究

利用印度尼西亚Bukit Koto Tabang(BKT)观测站的地面和大气红外探测仪(AIRS)卫星观测数据,分别提取了该观测站2004年和2005年苏门答腊两次M>8.0地震前后地面和卫星观测所获得的CO总量、近地面(1 000 hPa)CO体积分数和O₃总量的高光谱气体地球化学信息,对BKT台站附近卫星观测数据和地面观测数据进行了相互验证。结果表明两次大地震前卫星和地面观测均捕获到了CO和O₃异常,其中卫星观测获得的CO总量和CO体积分数与地面测得的CO浓度呈强正相关,相关系数分别为0.83和0.75,表明CO浓度异常可能主要源于孕震过程中地下逸出的气体,大气中的化学反应对CO异常的贡献次之。O₃卫星观测结果与地面观测结果也呈正相关关系(r=0.49),地震前O₃异常可能主要归因于地震前地下逸出的气体在大气中的化学反应。地面观测的CO和O₃浓度在两次地震前标准偏差变大,且CO和O₃浓度变化与分别以地面观测站和地震震中为中心从卫星数据提取的气体浓度与地面观测数据变化趋势一致。研究结果丰富了利用高光谱卫星数据提取地震前后气体地球化学异常信息的方法。

Using the ground-based observation data recorded by Bukit Koto Tabang(BKT)observational station in Indonesian and observation satellite data by atmospheric infrared sounder(AIRS),the hyperspectral gas geochemical information of CO total column,CO volume mixing ratio at 1000 hPa and O₃ total column from ground-based and satellite data before and after two Sumatra M>8.0 earthquakes were abstracted,and the ground-based and satellite data of BKT observational station were validated. The results show that the anomalies of CO and O₃ were both found before two Sumatra M>8.0 earthquakes from ground-based and satellite data. Both CO total column and volume fraction at 1000 hPa from satellite data had significantly positive correlation with CO concentration from the ground-based data,and the correlation coefficient were 0.83 and 0.75 respectively,which indicated that the CO concentration anomalies was mainly attributed to degassing from the solid earth in the pregnant process and the secondary reason was chemical reactions in the atmosphere. The O₃ total column from AIRS data and O₃ concentration from ground-based data showed positive correlation with correlation coefficient 0.49,indicating the anomalies of O₃ mainly caused by chemical reactions of the degassed gases in the atmosphere. The standard deviations of CO and O₃ concentrations from ground-based data increased before two earthquakes,which was almost consistence with gas concentration abstracted from satellite data by taking the BKT station and epicenter as centre respectively and variation trends of ground-based observation data. The results widened the approach of extracting gaseous geochemistry information from hyperspectral satellite data especially.

引言
1 数据与方法
2 结果和讨论
3 结论

图1 苏门答腊地震构造略图(参考陶春辉等(2008))<br/>Fig.1 Tectonic skech of Sumatra M>8.0 earthquakes(based on Tao et al(2008))

图1 苏门答腊地震构造略图(参考陶春辉等(2008))
Fig.1 Tectonic skech of Sumatra M>8.0 earthquakes(based on Tao et al(2008))

图2 2004～2005年在BKT观测的CO浓度和<br/>O3浓度的月均值及标准偏差的变化<br/>Fig.2 Variations of monthly mean values and standard deviations of CO and O3 concentrations measured at BKT observational station from 2004 to 2005

图2 2004～2005年在BKT观测的CO浓度和
O3浓度的月均值及标准偏差的变化
Fig.2 Variations of monthly mean values and standard deviations of CO and O3 concentrations measured at BKT observational station from 2004 to 2005

图3 2004～2005年在BKT观测的CO浓度的月均<br/>值与利用AIRS数据提取的CO月平均总量的变化<br/>(AIRS-E和AIRS-G分别表示以震中和观测站<br/>为中心利用AIRS数据提取的CO总量)<br/>Fig.3 Variations of monthly mean value of CO concentration measured at BKT observational station and monthly mean total column value of CO concentration abstracted from AIRS data from 2004 to 2005 (AIRS-E and AIRS-G represent total column of CO concentration abstracted from AIRS data by taking epicenter and ground observation station as center respectively)

图3 2004～2005年在BKT观测的CO浓度的月均
值与利用AIRS数据提取的CO月平均总量的变化
(AIRS-E和AIRS-G分别表示以震中和观测站
为中心利用AIRS数据提取的CO总量)
Fig.3 Variations of monthly mean value of CO concentration measured at BKT observational station and monthly mean total column value of CO concentration abstracted from AIRS data from 2004 to 2005 (AIRS-E and AIRS-G represent total column of CO concentration abstracted from AIRS data by taking epicenter and ground observation station as center respectively)

$图4 2004～2005年在BKT观测的CO浓度月平均<br/>值与1 000 hPa CO月平均体积分数的变化<br/>(AIRS-E和AIRS-G分别表示以震中和观测站<br/>为中心利用AIRS数据提取的CO体积分数)<br/>Fig.4 Variations of monthly mean value of CO concentration measured at BKT observational station and monthly mean volume fraction of CO concentration at 1 000 hPa$

图4 2004～2005年在BKT观测的CO浓度月平均
值与1 000 hPa CO月平均体积分数的变化
(AIRS-E和AIRS-G分别表示以震中和观测站
为中心利用AIRS数据提取的CO体积分数)
Fig.4 Variations of monthly mean value of CO concentration measured at BKT observational station and monthly mean volume fraction of CO concentration at 1 000 hPa

图5 2004～2005年在BKT观测的O3浓度月平均<br/>值与利用AIRS 数据提取的O3月平均总量的变化<br/>(AIRS-E和AIRS-G分别表示以震中和观测站<br/>为中心利用AIRS数据提取的O3总量)<br/>Fig.5 Variations of monthly mean value of O3 concentration measured at BKT observational station and monthly mean total value of O3 concentration abstracted from AIRS data from 2004 to 2005 (AIRS-E and AIRS-G represent total value of O3 concentration abstracted from AIRS data by taking epicenter and ground observation station as center respectively)

图5 2004～2005年在BKT观测的O3浓度月平均
值与利用AIRS 数据提取的O3月平均总量的变化
(AIRS-E和AIRS-G分别表示以震中和观测站
为中心利用AIRS数据提取的O3总量)
Fig.5 Variations of monthly mean value of O3 concentration measured at BKT observational station and monthly mean total value of O3 concentration abstracted from AIRS data from 2004 to 2005 (AIRS-E and AIRS-G represent total value of O3 concentration abstracted from AIRS data by taking epicenter and ground observation station as center respectively)

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备注

引言

1 数据与方法

2 结果和讨论

3 结论

期刊信息