地震研究

大气环境变化对地壳形变观测的影响研究^*

孙伶俐^1,2,李明^1,2,龙涛³

(1.中国地震局地震研究所(地震大地测量重点实验室),湖北武汉 430071; 2.湖北省地震局,湖北武汉 430071; 3.华中科技大学网络与计算中心,湖北武汉 430074)

Research on Influence of Atmospheric Environmental Change on Crustal Deformation Observation

SUN Ling-li^1,2,LI Ming^1,2,LONG Tao³

(1. Key Laboratory of Geodesy,Institute of Seismology,CEA,Wuhan 430071,Hubei,China)(2. Earthquake Administration of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430071,Hubei,China)(3. Network and Computing Center,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,C

Keywords：atmospheric environmental change; crustal deformation; tidal anomalies; wavelet analysis; response spectrum

备注

摘要

全文

图/表

参考文献

采用2003～2013年湖北省数字化地壳形变潮汐分钟值资料,利用小波分析方法,对地壳形变观测数据对大气环境变化各影响因素(大气压强、温度、降雨、台风及日食活动)的响应规律进行了研究。结果表明:近地表大气环境因素对形变观测数据的影响频段各不相同。大气压强和温度对形变观测的影响频段主要集中在较低频段(64～128 min); 降雨的影响主要集中在0～全日波(0～32 min)范围内,且存在高频、非潮汐成份。而台风在形变观测较高频段上有明显影响,频段分布在1～4 s和2～4 min之间。黄梅台应变观测对2009年日食事件在128～256 min低频段上有响应。

Tidal minute value data of digital crustal deformation in Hubei province from 2003 to 2013 are applied to analyze the response rule of observational crustal deformation on influence factor of atmospheric environmental change(atmospheric pressure,rainfall,typhoon and solar activity)by wavelet transform analyze method. The research results show that the influence of near surface atmospheric environmental factors on deformation observation data has the different characteristic in different frequency. The influence frequency of atmospheric pressure and temperature on deformation observation data mainly concentrates in low frequency range(64～128 min). The tidal data respond to rainfall mainly concentrates in frequency spectrum from 0 to diurnal wave(0～32 min)along with high frequency noise and non-tidal components. The influence of typhoon on tidal data is significant in high frequency spectrum of 1～4 s and 2～4 min. The strain observation data responds to the eclipse in low frequency(128～256 min)at Huangmei station in 2009.

引言
1 研究区及资料的选取
2 利用小波方法分析形变潮汐对大气环境影响因素的响应特征
3 结论

表1 湖北省形变台网固定测点主要仪器基本参数统计表<br/>Tab.1 Statistics of basic parameters of main instruments at the fixed stations in Hubei crustal deformation network

表1 湖北省形变台网固定测点主要仪器基本参数统计表
Tab.1 Statistics of basic parameters of main instruments at the fixed stations in Hubei crustal deformation network

图1 湖北省形变台网固定观测点分布图<br/>Fig.1 Distribution of the fixed stations in Hubei crustal deformation network

图1 湖北省形变台网固定观测点分布图
Fig.1 Distribution of the fixed stations in Hubei crustal deformation network

图2 麻城台洞体应变仪观测数据受气压变化的影响<br/>(a)高气压无降水(2010-12-22～26);(b)低气压有降水(2010-12-10～13);(c)小波方法<br/>处理后细节(2010-12-22～26);(d)小波方法处理后细节(2010-12-10～13)<br/>Fig.2 Response for atmospheric variation on minute value data recorded by cave stain meter at Macheng Station (a)high pressure without rainfall;(b)low pressure with rainfall;(c)the details processed by wavelet method; (d)the details processed by wavelet method

图2 麻城台洞体应变仪观测数据受气压变化的影响
(a)高气压无降水(2010-12-22～26);(b)低气压有降水(2010-12-10～13);(c)小波方法
处理后细节(2010-12-22～26);(d)小波方法处理后细节(2010-12-10～13)
Fig.2 Response for atmospheric variation on minute value data recorded by cave stain meter at Macheng Station (a)high pressure without rainfall;(b)low pressure with rainfall;(c)the details processed by wavelet method; (d)the details processed by wavelet method

图3 麻城台地倾斜观测分钟值曲线受气温变化的影响<br/>(a)垂直摆NS分量分钟值(2012-11-04～07);(b)小波分析提取细节(2012-11-01～10)<br/>Fig.3 Response for temperature variation on minute value data recorded by titlmeter at Macheng Station(a)minute value data in NS component recorded by vertical pendulum tiltmeter;(b)the details processed by wavelet method

图3 麻城台地倾斜观测分钟值曲线受气温变化的影响
(a)垂直摆NS分量分钟值(2012-11-04～07);(b)小波分析提取细节(2012-11-01～10)
Fig.3 Response for temperature variation on minute value data recorded by titlmeter at Macheng Station(a)minute value data in NS component recorded by vertical pendulum tiltmeter;(b)the details processed by wavelet method

图4 武汉台地倾斜、地应变观测分钟值受降雨的影响(a)洞体应变仪整时值曲线(2009-10-01～2010-09-30);(b)垂直摆倾斜仪整时值曲线(2009-01-01～2009-06-30)<br/>Fig.4 Response for rainfall on minute value data recorded by titlmeter and strain meter at Wuhan Station (a)hour value data recorded by cave strain meter;(b)hour value data recorded by vertical pendulum tiltmeter

图4 武汉台地倾斜、地应变观测分钟值受降雨的影响(a)洞体应变仪整时值曲线(2009-10-01～2010-09-30);(b)垂直摆倾斜仪整时值曲线(2009-01-01～2009-06-30)
Fig.4 Response for rainfall on minute value data recorded by titlmeter and strain meter at Wuhan Station (a)hour value data recorded by cave strain meter;(b)hour value data recorded by vertical pendulum tiltmeter

图5 麻城台洞体应变仪分钟值曲线受降雨的影响<br/>(a)洞体应变仪分钟值曲线(2009-07-05); (b)小波分析提取细节<br/>Fig.5 Response for rainfall on minute value data recorded by cave strain meter at Macheng Station(a)minute value data recorded by cave strain meter; (b)the detailsprocessed by wavelet method

图5 麻城台洞体应变仪分钟值曲线受降雨的影响
(a)洞体应变仪分钟值曲线(2009-07-05); (b)小波分析提取细节
Fig.5 Response for rainfall on minute value data recorded by cave strain meter at Macheng Station(a)minute value data recorded by cave strain meter; (b)the detailsprocessed by wavelet method

图6 黄梅台垂直摆倾斜仪秒值观测数据受台风影响<br/>(a)VP仪秒钟值;(b)小波方法处理后细节<br/>Fig.6 Response for typhoon on second value data recorded by vertical pendulum tiltmeter at Huangmei Station (a)second value data of VP;(b)the details processed by wavelet method

图6 黄梅台垂直摆倾斜仪秒值观测数据受台风影响
(a)VP仪秒钟值;(b)小波方法处理后细节
Fig.6 Response for typhoon on second value data recorded by vertical pendulum tiltmeter at Huangmei Station (a)second value data of VP;(b)the details processed by wavelet method

图7 宜昌台垂直摆倾斜仪分钟值观测数据受台风影响(2011-05-24～30)<br/>(a)VS仪分钟值;(b)小波方法处理后细节<br/>Fig.7 Response for typhoon on minute value data recorded by vertical pendulum tiltmeter at Yichang Station(a)minute value data of VS;(b)the details processed by wavelet method

图7 宜昌台垂直摆倾斜仪分钟值观测数据受台风影响(2011-05-24～30)
(a)VS仪分钟值;(b)小波方法处理后细节
Fig.7 Response for typhoon on minute value data recorded by vertical pendulum tiltmeter at Yichang Station(a)minute value data of VS;(b)the details processed by wavelet method

图8 日食活动期间黄梅台线应变观测资料受温度影响<br/>(a)洞体应变仪分钟值小波分析结果;(b)气温、气压观测分钟值小波分析结果(2009-07-21～23)<br/>Fig.8 Response for temperature disturbance on line strain data at Huangmei Station during the solar eclipse event(a)the details of line strain curves processed by wavelet method;(b)the details of temperature and atmospheric curves processed by wavelet method

图8 日食活动期间黄梅台线应变观测资料受温度影响
(a)洞体应变仪分钟值小波分析结果;(b)气温、气压观测分钟值小波分析结果(2009-07-21～23)
Fig.8 Response for temperature disturbance on line strain data at Huangmei Station during the solar eclipse event(a)the details of line strain curves processed by wavelet method;(b)the details of temperature and atmospheric curves processed by wavelet method