地震研究

深井抽水对地倾斜观测影响的实验研究^*

(1.云南省地震局弥渡地震台,云南弥渡 675600; 2.云南省地震局,云南昆明 650224)

Experimental Study on the Effect of Deep Well Pumping on Ground Tilt Observation

CHU Jin-xue¹,FANG Wei¹,SU You-jin²,ZHAO Kun²,WANG Yong-an²,

(1.Midu Seismic Station,Earthquake Administration of Yunnan Province,Midu 675600,Yunnan,China)(2.Earthquake Administration of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)

Keywords：water pumping experiment; ground tilt; pumping water interference; band-stop filter processing program

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参考文献

采用抽水、放水实验方法,研究地倾斜的变化量与地下水抽取量之间的关系、蓄水池池水变化量与地倾斜变化量之间的关系。通过对抽水实验数据分析研究可知:在放水速率(V_放水<9 m³/h)、总放水量(T<82 m³)有限的前提下,弥渡地震台观测山洞正上方30 m处的蓄水池水量变化不会引起地倾斜观测资料的明显变化; 而地下水抽取是造成地倾斜异常变化的主要原因,且地倾斜异常变化在时间上与抽水作业(起止时间)保持高度同步性; 抽水活动持续时间与地倾斜变化量是成非线性关系:随抽水时间延长,地倾斜变化速率开始较快,随后减小。但在开始抽水2小时时段内表现为近似线性关系,即NS测向V_NS=-0.045 53 ms/min,EW测向V_EW=-0.079 71 ms/min。通过频域分析可知:弥渡地倾斜观测受抽水干扰的异常信号的频率在0.001 8～0.003 Hz之间。由此,笔者设计了带阻滤波处理软件对抽水干扰信号频段进行处理,降低了抽水作业对弥渡地倾斜观测的影响。

By using pumping and dewatering test method,we researched the relationship between the variation of ground tilt and amount of groundwater extraction,water yield variation of water reservoir.The analysis result of the pumping water test data showed that under the premise of the limited drainage rate(V_drainage<9 m³/h),the total discharge of water(T<82 m³),the water yield variation of water reservoir which was located at 30 m above the observing cave of Midu Station didn't cause significant interference to the ground tilt observation.The main reason of the ground tilt anomaly variation was induced by the pumping of the ground water and its variation maintained a high degree of synchrony with the pumping operation(the date of the start and the end)in time.The duration of pumping water had a non-linear relation with the ground tilt variation,that is,the variation rate of ground tilt was faster at first,and decreased as follow with the pumping time.However it showed an approximately linear relationship,that is,V_NS=-0.045 53 ms/min in NS,V_EW=-0.079 71 ms/min in EW within the first two hours of pumping water.The frequency domain analysis result shows that:The frequency of anomaly signal of ground tilt which was interfered by pumping water was between 0.00 18 Hz and 0.003 Hz.Thus,we designed a band-stop filter processing program to filter out the frequency of pumping water signal to reduce the influence of pumping water on the ground tilt observation.

引言
1 台站观测环境概况
2 抽水、放水实验
3 实验数据定性分析
4 抽水对地倾斜影响的定量分析
5 结论

图1 第四纪活动断裂分布图<br/>Fig.1 Distribution map of Quaternary active faults

图1 第四纪活动断裂分布图
Fig.1 Distribution map of Quaternary active faults

图2 水井区域水文地质及井管结构综合图<br/>Fig.2 Chart of hydrogeological in wells region and

图2 水井区域水文地质及井管结构综合图
Fig.2 Chart of hydrogeological in wells region and

图3 蓄水池设计示意图<br/>Fig.3 Sketch map of the design of water reservoir

图3 蓄水池设计示意图
Fig.3 Sketch map of the design of water reservoir

图4 实验场地平面布置图<br/>Fig.4 The plane layout of test site

图4 实验场地平面布置图
Fig.4 The plane layout of test site

表1 抽水实验数据统计表<br/>Tab.1 Statistics of pumping water test data

表1 抽水实验数据统计表
Tab.1 Statistics of pumping water test data

图5 2014年2月5日弥渡地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪在放水实验时段实测的观测数据曲线图<br/>Fig.5 The real measured observation data curve recorded by DSQ water tube tiltmeter in the period of reservoir water drainage at Midu Station on Feb.5,2014

图5 2014年2月5日弥渡地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪在放水实验时段实测的观测数据曲线图
Fig.5 The real measured observation data curve recorded by DSQ water tube tiltmeter in the period of reservoir water drainage at Midu Station on Feb.5,2014

表2 蓄水池放水实验数据统计表<br/>Tab.2 Statistics of test data of reservoir water drainage

表2 蓄水池放水实验数据统计表
Tab.2 Statistics of test data of reservoir water drainage

表3 水泵抽水实验数据统计表<br/>Tab.3 Statistics of test data of pumping water

表3 水泵抽水实验数据统计表
Tab.3 Statistics of test data of pumping water

图6 2014年8月7日弥渡台DSQ型水管倾斜仪在放水实验时段实测的观测数据曲线图<br/>Fig.6 The real measured observation data curve recorded by DSQ water tube tiltmeter in the period of reservoir water drainage at Midu Station on Aug.7, 2014

图6 2014年8月7日弥渡台DSQ型水管倾斜仪在放水实验时段实测的观测数据曲线图
Fig.6 The real measured observation data curve recorded by DSQ water tube tiltmeter in the period of reservoir water drainage at Midu Station on Aug.7, 2014

图7 2014年弥渡地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪在抽水实验时段实测的观测数据曲线图<br/>Fig.7 The real measured observation data curve recorded by DSQ water tube tiltmeter in the period of pumping test at Midu Station in 2014

图7 2014年弥渡地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪在抽水实验时段实测的观测数据曲线图
Fig.7 The real measured observation data curve recorded by DSQ water tube tiltmeter in the period of pumping test at Midu Station in 2014

图8 2014年8月弥渡地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪在抽水时段实测的观测数据曲线图<br/>Fig.8 The real measured observation data curve recorded by DSQ water tube tiltmeter in the period of pumping test at Midu Station on Aug., 2014

图8 2014年8月弥渡地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪在抽水时段实测的观测数据曲线图
Fig.8 The real measured observation data curve recorded by DSQ water tube tiltmeter in the period of pumping test at Midu Station on Aug., 2014

图9 2014年2月19日弥渡地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪在抽水时段实测的观测数据曲线图<br/>Fig.9 The real measured observation data curve recorded by DSQ water tube tiltmeter in the period of pumping test at Midu Station on Feb.19, 2014

图9 2014年2月19日弥渡地震台DSQ型水管倾斜仪在抽水时段实测的观测数据曲线图
Fig.9 The real measured observation data curve recorded by DSQ water tube tiltmeter in the period of pumping test at Midu Station on Feb.19, 2014

图10 2014年1～8月弥渡地震台中随机的38个抽水时段地倾斜实测曲线<br/>Fig.10 The real measured curve of ground tilt in the randomly selected 38 pumping periods at Midu Station from Jan.to Aug.in 2014

图10 2014年1～8月弥渡地震台中随机的38个抽水时段地倾斜实测曲线
Fig.10 The real measured curve of ground tilt in the randomly selected 38 pumping periods at Midu Station from Jan.to Aug.in 2014

表4 随机选取的38个抽水时段数据统计表<br/>Tab.4 Data statistic of the randomly selected 38 pumping periods

表4 随机选取的38个抽水时段数据统计表
Tab.4 Data statistic of the randomly selected 38 pumping periods

图11 弥渡台38个随机抽水时段平均地倾斜变化量(a)与变化率(b)统计图<br/>Fig.11 The statistical chart of the variation amount (a)and rate(b)of average ground tilt in the randomly selected 38 pumping periods at Midu Station

图11 弥渡台38个随机抽水时段平均地倾斜变化量(a)与变化率(b)统计图
Fig.11 The statistical chart of the variation amount (a)and rate(b)of average ground tilt in the randomly selected 38 pumping periods at Midu Station

图12 弥渡台DSQ型地倾斜仪NS(a)和EW(b)实测数据频谱与固体潮数据频谱测向分析对比图<br/>Fig.12 Spectrum analysis comparison chart between the real measured data and tidal data recorded by DSQ ground tiltmeter in NS(a)and EW(b)at Midu Station

图12 弥渡台DSQ型地倾斜仪NS(a)和EW(b)实测数据频谱与固体潮数据频谱测向分析对比图
Fig.12 Spectrum analysis comparison chart between the real measured data and tidal data recorded by DSQ ground tiltmeter in NS(a)and EW(b)at Midu Station

图13 弥渡台DSQ型地倾斜仪NS(a)和EW(b)测向实测曲线、滤波后曲线与固体潮曲线对比效果图<br/>Fig.13 Comparison chart among the real measured,filtering and solid tide curves recorded by DSQ ground tiltmeter in NS(a)and EW(b)at Midu Station

图13 弥渡台DSQ型地倾斜仪NS(a)和EW(b)测向实测曲线、滤波后曲线与固体潮曲线对比效果图
Fig.13 Comparison chart among the real measured,filtering and solid tide curves recorded by DSQ ground tiltmeter in NS(a)and EW(b)at Midu Station