基金项目:2015年行业专项(地震行业专项20150800)、国家自然科学基金——呼图壁储气田充放气引起地下应力变化的地震学观测(41474051)和自治区科研机构创新发展专项基金(2013016)联合资助.
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利用人工震源(大容量气枪)数据资料对北天山地区的气枪信号振幅随距离衰减关系和介质的衰减特征进行了研究。选取北天山地区新疆数字地震台网的8个固定台站记录到的气枪震源信号,计算气枪主频2~6 Hz之间的叠加后信号的振幅谱值的均方根,用均方根值代表气枪信号传播到该台站处的振幅值,并对得到的均方根值进行拟合,得出当频率为3.8 Hz时研究区域P波和S波品质因子分别为QP=(464±70),QS=(653±46)。用同样方法计算气枪震源附近发生的一个天然地震的信号,得出当频率为4.2 Hz时QP=(226±40),QS =(484±34)。以上测量结果与前人利用不同范围天然地震得到的结果类似,表明人工震源资料可以用于介质衰减特征研究,相关研究为长时间监测地球介质衰减特征随时间变化提供了基础。
Using the artificial seismic source(airguns)data,we studied the attenuation relation of the amplitude of airguns signal with distance and estimated the attenuation characteristics of the medium in the northern Tianshan area. We chose the airguns signals which were recorded by 8 fixed stations in Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network in the northern Tianshan area,and calculated the RMS(root mean square)of amplitude spectrum of the signal after the stacking of the signals within the frequency 2~6 Hz of airguns. Taking the RMS value as the amplitude which was formed when the airgun signal propagated to each station,we fitted these RMS values with attenuation equation,and obtained that when the frequency is 3.8 Hz,the quality factors of P and S waves are QP=(464±70)and QS=(653±46)in the study area. By using the same method,we also calculated seismic attenuation by using an earthquake signal occurred near the airguns source,and obtained that when the frequency is 4.2 Hz,the quality factors of P and S waves are QP=(226±40)and QS=(484±34). The obtained results are similar to previous studies which were based on earthquake in different area. It shows that artificial seismic source can be used to study on attenuation characteristic of the medium,and the relative study could provide the foundation for monitoring the variation characteristics of geological medium attenuation with time in the long term.