地震灾害人口易损性评估—以甘肃省陇南地区为例*

(中国地震局兰州地震研究所,甘肃 兰州 730000)

地震灾害; 人口易损性; 层次分析法; 居民地; 陇南地区

Estimating of Population Vulnerability in Relation to Earthquake Disaster:A Case Study of Longnan Region in Gansu Province
XI Congwang, HE Shaolin, CHEN Wenkai

(Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, CEA, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China)

earthquake disaster; population vulnerability; analytic hierarchy process; settlement places; Longnan region

备注

选取烈度、人口总量、老幼人口比例、坡度、断层、建筑物、地貌类型7个指标,采用层次分析法对地震灾害人口易损性情况进行综合评估。为了提高数据准确度和精确度,选取乡镇实际居民地为研究单元,基于GIS平台分析了乡镇人口易损性空间分布,计算了实际居民地的地震灾害人口易损性大小。结果 表明:陇南地区居民地地震灾害人口易损性处于中低等级,人口易损性值大于0.6的居民地面积约占居民总面积的1.2%; 在196个乡镇中人口易损值在0.65~0.76区间的乡镇有6个,主要集中在陇南地区北部和中南部,大部分位于礼县、武都区和文县,其中最高的为礼县城关镇。研究结果通过汶川地震陇南地区实际烈度与人员伤亡情况进行了验证,评价结果与实际情况有较好的一致性。

The analytic hierarchy process is used to estimate comprehensively the population vulnerability in relation to earthquake disaster by seven indicators, which are intensity, the total population, the proportion of the young and the old, slope grade, faults, building and types of topography. In order to improve the veracity and accuracy of the data, we selected the actual residential information in villages and towns as the research unit, and analyzed the spatial distribution of population vulnerability based on GIS and calculated the population vulnerability value in relation to earthquake disaster in the actual residential areas. The results show that the population vulnerability about earthquake disaster is in the middle and the low grade in the actual residential areas in Longnan region, and the area of residential area where population vulnerability value is greater than 0.65 accounts for 1.2%. There are six villages whose population vulnerability values are between 0.65 and 0.76 out of 196 villages, they mainly concentrate in north and central south of Longnan region and mostly locate in Li Country, Wudu district and Wen Country, and the town with the highest population vulnerability value is Chengguan Village in Li Country. The study result has a good consistency with the practical situation by verifying the real intensity and seismic casualties in Wenchuan earthquake in Longnan region.