地震研究

气枪震源在大陆浅部探测中的应用日益广泛。首先描述了大容量气枪震源在陆地水体内的激发特征,分析了其由海洋转入陆内水体激发实现的激发模式、激发环境和探测方法的转变; 然后介绍了气枪震源在探测大陆浅部速度结构及监测弹性波速随时间变化当中的应用; 最后简述了气枪震源在地震学研究中的潜在应用及面临的挑战。实践证明,陆地水体内激发的气枪震源是一种绿色、环保、高效的人工重复震源,其激发的信号可用于区域尺度的地壳结构成像,在一定程度上可替代传统炸药震源。同时,其激发的高度重复的信号可用于弹性波速随时间变化的监测,测量精度可达到10-4。气枪震源是一种新型的、发展中的震源,仍需要对其震源特性和信号处理技术开展深入的研究以拓展其在地震学研究中的应用。

The application of airgun source in the shallow exploration of the continent is more and more widely. Firstly,we described the excitation characteristics of large volume airgun source in the land water are,and analyzed the transform of excitation mode,excitation environment and detection method of the excitation from marine airgun source to in on-land water bodies. Secondly,we briefly introduced the application of airgun source in detecting the shallow velocity structure of the continent and monitoring the elastic wave velocity variation with time. Finally,we briefly described the potential applications and challenges of airgun source in seismology are. The practice proves that the airgun source excited in on-land water bodies is a kind of green,environmental protection and efficient artificial repetition source. The excited signal of airgun source can be applied to the regional crustal structural imaging,and can partly replace the traditional explosive source. Meanwhile,the highly repetitive signals exited by it can be used to monitor the elastic wave velocity variation,and the detecting precision reached 10-4. Overall,the airgun source is a new and developing source,and it is necessary to study its source characteristics and signal processing technology to extend its application in seismology.

引言
1 陆地水体内激发的大容量气枪震源特征
2 气枪震源在探测大陆浅部结构中的应用
3 气枪震源在研究大陆浅部物质状态变化中的应用
4 利用气枪震源研究大陆浅部的潜在应用与挑战
5 结语

图1 海洋勘探中的气枪阵列(a)及陆地水体激发的大容量气枪组合(b)激发模式示意图<br/>Fig.1 Schematic of the operation mode of airgun array used for marine exploration(a)and array of large volume airguns used in reservoirs(b)

图1 海洋勘探中的气枪阵列(a)及陆地水体激发的大容量气枪组合(b)激发模式示意图
Fig.1 Schematic of the operation mode of airgun array used for marine exploration(a)and array of large volume airguns used in reservoirs(b)

图2 气枪震源在不同沉放深度下近场台站记录振幅的变化<br/>Fig.2 The amplitude variation of airgun signal with respect to the different emission depth recored by near field stations

图2 气枪震源在不同沉放深度下近场台站记录振幅的变化
Fig.2 The amplitude variation of airgun signal with respect to the different emission depth recored by near field stations

图3 在不同容量水体内激发的气枪信号波形和频率对比图<br/>Fig.3 Waveforms and the time-frequency diagrams of airgun shots in different exciting conditions

图3 在不同容量水体内激发的气枪信号波形和频率对比图
Fig.3 Waveforms and the time-frequency diagrams of airgun shots in different exciting conditions

图4 同一测线上气枪震源100次信号叠加(a)及900 kg炸药爆破信号记录对比(b)
Fig.4 The waveforms comparison along the same profile for(a)stacked 100 times signal of shot airgun(b)900 kg explosion signal

图5 上关湖实验中200次激发信号叠加信号在200 km测线上记录到清晰的P波和S波(林建民等,2008)
Fig.5 Waveforms of P and S waves from stacked 200 airgun shots recorded along a 200 km line profile(Modified from Lin et al,2008)

图6 利用86台地震计布设的气枪信号接收系统<br/>Fig.6 Deployment of a dense array using 86 seismometers benefit from the repeatability of airgun signals

图6 利用86台地震计布设的气枪信号接收系统
Fig.6 Deployment of a dense array using 86 seismometers benefit from the repeatability of airgun signals

图7 气枪长江实验中的激发和观测系统及在P波层析成像结果<br/>Fig.7 The source-receiver configuration of Changjiang Airgun Experiments and preliminary P wave tomography result using permanent stations

图7 气枪长江实验中的激发和观测系统及在P波层析成像结果
Fig.7 The source-receiver configuration of Changjiang Airgun Experiments and preliminary P wave tomography result using permanent stations

图8 REFTEK-130数据采集器1 600 h内的钟差分布<br/>Fig.8 Distribution of clock error for 1 600 h records from REFTEk-130 seismic recorder

图8 REFTEK-130数据采集器1 600 h内的钟差分布
Fig.8 Distribution of clock error for 1 600 h records from REFTEk-130 seismic recorder

图9 利用气枪震源信号测量的地震波一周内的走时差异(红线)及应变记录(灰线)的相关性<br/>Fig.9 Comparison of one week travel-time difference of the P wave airgun signal shown as the red curve and the strain variations shown as the gray curve at the same period

图9 利用气枪震源信号测量的地震波一周内的走时差异(红线)及应变记录(灰线)的相关性
Fig.9 Comparison of one week travel-time difference of the P wave airgun signal shown as the red curve and the strain variations shown as the gray curve at the same period

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备注

引言

1 陆地水体内激发的大容量气枪震源特征

2 气枪震源在探测大陆浅部结构中的应用

3 气枪震源在研究大陆浅部物质状态变化中的应用

4 利用气枪震源研究大陆浅部的潜在应用与挑战

5 结语

期刊信息