地震研究

通过《陕西省志·地震志》《中国地震目录》等汇编性史料提取明清时期(1368—1912年)关中地区地震发生频次、位置、震级和地震灾害影响等信息,应用指标统计、滑动平均及语义差异分析等方法,建立关中地区地震灾害时空变化图并分析特征。结果表明:①明清时期关中地区地震有显著的阶段性、年代际和季节变化特征。1474—1676年是当地地震相对活跃期,其中1500年代和1480年代地震发生频次最高,且多发于夏季。②地震震中主要分布于关中地区中东部,且随时间变化震中逐渐分散,地震频次及强度也随之减弱。③关中地区历史地震高发期处于汾渭地震带第二活动期中,且区域空间分布特征为东强西弱。受多灾叠加、社会动荡及经济发展等因素影响,“小震大灾”情景时有发生。

By referring to the Earthquake Records of the Annals of Shaanxi Province,the China Earthquake Catalogue,and other historical materials,we obtain the earthquake frequency,location,magnitude,and earthquake disasters in Guanzhong region during the Ming and the Qing Dynasties(1368-1912).Through index statistics,sliding average and semantic difference analysis,we draw the map of the temporal and spatial variation of the earthquake disasters in Guanzhong region and further analyze the characteristics of the variation.The results show that:①The earthquakes during the Ming and the Qing Dynasties are significantly characterized as periodic,chronical,and seasonal changes.Earthquakes in this region were relatively active in the period from 1474 to 1676.The earthquakes occurred most frequently in 1480s and 1500s,especially in the Summer of these specific years.②The earthquake epicenters were mainly distributed in the central and eastern parts of Guanzhong region,then gradually scattered along with time,followed with the weakening of the frequency and intensity.③In Guanzhong region,the high incidence period of the historical earthquakes fell in the second active period of the Fenhe-Weihe earthquake zone,and the earthquakes distributed dense in the east and sparse in the west.Due to superposition effect of disasters,social unrest and economic situation,the case of “small earthquakes causing major disasters” occur from time to time.

引言
1 研究区概况
2 数据来源及处理
3 研究方法与结果分析
4 讨论
5 结论

图1 清代关中地区行政区图<br/>Fig.1 Administrative map of Guanzhong region in the Qing Dynasty

图1 清代关中地区行政区图
Fig.1 Administrative map of Guanzhong region in the Qing Dynasty

表1 地震灾害记录分级标准<br/>Tab.1 Grading basis for seismic records

表1 地震灾害记录分级标准
Tab.1 Grading basis for seismic records

图2 明清时期关中地区不同震级频次(a)、总发震次数及31年滑动均值和545年均值曲线(b)<br/>Fig.2 Frequency of different magnitudes(a),total earthquake-numbers and their 31-year,545-year moving averages(b)in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

图2 明清时期关中地区不同震级频次(a)、总发震次数及31年滑动均值和545年均值曲线(b)
Fig.2 Frequency of different magnitudes(a),total earthquake-numbers and their 31-year,545-year moving averages(b)in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

图3 明清时期关中地区年代际地震震级频次(a)、频率(b)及地震灾害等级频次指数序列(c)<br/>Fig.3 Interdecadal sequence of the frequency of different magnitudes(a),earthquake frequency(b),earthquake-disaster frequency and impact index(c)in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

图3 明清时期关中地区年代际地震震级频次(a)、频率(b)及地震灾害等级频次指数序列(c)
Fig.3 Interdecadal sequence of the frequency of different magnitudes(a),earthquake frequency(b),earthquake-disaster frequency and impact index(c)in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

图4 明清时期关中地区地震频次季节(a)、震级月份(b)图<br/>Fig.4 Seasonal earthquake frequency(a)and monthly frequency of the magnitude(b)in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

图4 明清时期关中地区地震频次季节(a)、震级月份(b)图
Fig.4 Seasonal earthquake frequency(a)and monthly frequency of the magnitude(b)in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

图5 明清关中地区地震空间分布图<br/>Fig.5 Distribution of the earthquakes in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

图5 明清关中地区地震空间分布图
Fig.5 Distribution of the earthquakes in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

图6 明清时期关中地区地震不同时期空间分布图<br/>Fig.6 Spatial distribution of the earthquakes in different periods in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

图6 明清时期关中地区地震不同时期空间分布图
Fig.6 Spatial distribution of the earthquakes in different periods in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

图7 明清时期关中地区地震时空演变图<br/>Fig.7 Spatial and temporal evolution of the earthquakes in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

图7 明清时期关中地区地震时空演变图
Fig.7 Spatial and temporal evolution of the earthquakes in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

表2 明清关中地区地震灾害重灾详表<br/>Tab.2 Details of the severe earthquake disasters in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

表2 明清关中地区地震灾害重灾详表
Tab.2 Details of the severe earthquake disasters in Guanzhong region in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

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备注

引言

1 研究区概况

2 数据来源及处理

3 研究方法与结果分析

4 讨论

5 结论

期刊信息