滇中龙川江流域地貌特征及其对构造活动的指示

(1.云南省地震局,云南 昆明 650224; 2.成都师范学院 史地与旅游学院,四川 成都 611130)

龙川江流域; 面积-高程积分; 条带状剖面; 构造活动; 地貌演化

Geomorphologic Features of the Longchuan River Basin in Central Yunnan and Their Indication of Tectonic Activity
LI Sheng1,CHANG Yuqiao1,QING Yuanhua2,YANG Shuang2,LIU Jingnan1,WEN Wen1,LUO Jiazheng1

(1.Yunnan Earthquake Agency,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)(2.History & Geography and Tourism College,Chengdu Normal University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China)

the Longchuan River Basin; hypso-metric integral; strip profile; tectonic activity; geomorphological evolution

DOI: 10.20015/j.cnki.ISSN1000-0666.2025.0041

备注

基于30 m分辨率的ASTERDEM数据,利用ArcGIS软件水文分析工具提取龙川江水系和子流域盆地信息,获得流域高程、条带状剖面、69个子流域起伏度、面积-高程积分(HI)和26条面积-高程积分曲线(HC),并综合地层、降雨量、地质构造特征进行分析。结果表明:①龙川江流域上游、中上游起伏度为中等,中下游、下游起伏度分别为高、极高,低起伏度主要分布于河谷区。②条带地形、起伏度剖面自南西向北东具有同步分段性,地貌可细分为中低山、丘陵、中高山、中高山区。③龙川江流域HI值为0.18~0.60,均值0.38,整体处于壮年期。上游、下游HC曲线主要呈凹型,中游HC曲线主要为S型。④HI值由大到小对应的岩性抗侵蚀能力排序为:低-中级变质岩≈沉积岩>第四系沉积物,岩性、降水对HI值、起伏度影响较小。⑤构造活动是龙川江流域地貌演化的主控因素,按照HI值由大到小的分区排序为:断裂夹持带>断裂带>非断裂带。⑥HI指数指示:楚雄盆地、元谋盆地已向侵蚀—沉积阶段演化,石羊镇—大古岩断裂活动强度有上-下盘效应,元谋—绿汁江断裂活动强度由北向南增加,2条断裂之间的夹持地带隆升强度整体最高。
Based on the 30-meter resolution ASTERDEM data,the hydrological analysis tool of ArcGIS software was used to extract the water system and sub-basins of the Longchuan River Basin,to obtain the basin elevations,strip profiles,69 sub-basin undulations,hypso-metric integral values(HI),and 26 hypso-metric integral curves(HC),and to synthesize the stratigraphy,rainfall,and geologic structure.The results show that:①The upper and middle reaches of the Longchuan River Basin have medium level of undulation; the lower reaches have high and very high level of undulation; the river valley is characterized by low level of undulation.②In the Longchuan River Basin,the strip topography and the undulation profile has synchronous segmentation from southwest to northeast,the Basin can be subdivided into hills,middle-low mountains,middle-high mountains,and high mountains.③HI values in the Longchuan River Basin range between 0.18 and 0.60,with a mean of 0.38,and the whole Basin is in geologically its mature stage.The HC curve in the upper reaches is mainly concave,so as in the lower reaches; the HC curve in the middle reaches is mainly S-shaped.④According to HI values from the largest to the smallest in the River Bain,low-intermediate metamorphic rock's resistance to erosion is approximately equal to sedimentary rock's resistance to erosion,and stronger than the Quaternary sediments' resistance to erosion.Lithology and precipitation have less influence on HI values and the undulation degree in the Basin.⑤Tectonic activity is the main controlling factor of geomorphic evolution in the Longchuan River Basin.HI values in the fracture-clamping zone is larger than HI values in the fracture zone,and HI values in the fracture zone is larger than the ones in the non-fracture zone.⑥The HI index indicates that the Chuxiong Basin and the Yuanmou Basin have evolved to the erosion-sedimentation stage.The intensity of the Shiyangzhen-Daguyan Fault activity has different effect on the hanging wall and the footwall.The Yuanmou-Luzhijiang Fault acted intensively from north to south,and the uplift in the clamped zone is the highest in overall.