地震研究

相比普通远场地震动,近断层速度脉冲型地震动通常会导致结构产生较大变形,增加结构坍塌风险。速度脉冲可进一步分为加速度脉冲和非加速度脉冲,系统地分析其参数特性及其作用下结构响应有助于近断层工程结构的抗震设计与评估。首先,利用峰点法(PPM)确定脉冲周期T_P,并与S_v法和S_d·S_v法进行比较分析。其次,通过回归分析,分别给出了两种类型脉冲的脉冲周期T_p与矩震级M_W的统计模型,以及加速度和非加速度脉冲峰值速度PGV与矩震级M_W和断层距R之间的统计模型。最后,分析了两种类型脉冲作用下4种单自由度体系的结构动力响应。结果表明:对短周期结构而言,加速度脉冲相对于非加速度脉冲会导致更严重的结构损伤; 对中长周期结构而言,加速度脉冲与非加速度脉冲相比将引起较小的结构反应。

It is the near-fault velocity-pulse ground motion,rather than the ordinary far-field ground motion,that causes the structure's significant deformation,and increases the risk of structural collapse.The existing research shows that the velocity pulse can be divided into the acceleration pulse and the non-acceleration pulse.A systematic analysis of the characteristics of the pulse's parameters and structural response under the pulse's action is helpful to the seismic design and the evaluation of the near-fault engineering structures.Firstly,the period of the velocity pulse is determined with the peak-point method,then,the period is compared with the ones obtained with the S_v method and the S_d·S_v method.Secondly,through regression analysis,the statistical model of the relationship between the period of the acceleration pulse(T_P)and the moment magnitude(M_W)is given.And the statistical model of the relationship between the period of the non-acceleration pulse(T_P)and the moment magnitude(M_W)is given too.The statistical model of the relationship between the peak velocity of the acceleration pulse(PGV)and the moment magnitude(M_W)and the fault distance(R)is given.In the same way,the statistical model of the relationship between the peak velocity of the non-acceleration pulse(PGV)and the moment magnitude(M_W)and the fault distance(R)is given too.Finally,the structural dynamic responses of four single-degree-of-freedom systems to the acceleration impulse and the non-acceleration impulse are analyzed.The results show that for short-period structures,the acceleration pulse causes more serious structural damage than the non-acceleration pulse does; for medium-long period structures,the acceleration pulse causes less structural response than the non-acceleration pulse does.

引言
1 脉冲周期
2 脉冲幅值与震级和断层距关系
3 反应谱分析
5 结论

图1 示例地震动的速度时程(a、b)、加速度时程(c、d)及提取的脉冲<br/>Fig.1 Velocity time history(a,b),acceleration time history(c,d),and extracted pulses of the ground motion of the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake

图1 示例地震动的速度时程(a、b)、加速度时程(c、d)及提取的脉冲
Fig.1 Velocity time history(a,b),acceleration time history(c,d),and extracted pulses of the ground motion of the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake

图2 PPM法与Sv法(a)和PPM法与Sd·Sv法(b)脉冲周期对比<br/>Fig.2 Pulse periods obtained by PPM method and Sv method(a),and by PPM method and Sd·Sv method(b)

图2 PPM法与Sv法(a)和PPM法与Sd·Sv法(b)脉冲周期对比
Fig.2 Pulse periods obtained by PPM method and Sv method(a),and by PPM method and Sd·Sv method(b)

图3 3种模型中Tp与MW分布及二者的回归分析关系<br/>Fig.3 Distribution of the pulse period(Tp)and the magnitude(MW)and their regression relation

图3 3种模型中Tp与MW分布及二者的回归分析关系
Fig.3 Distribution of the pulse period(Tp)and the magnitude(MW)and their regression relation

表1 Tp随MW变化关系的统计模型<br/>Tab.1 Models of the relations between the pulse period(Tp)and the moment magnitude(MW)

表1 Tp随MW变化关系的统计模型
Tab.1 Models of the relations between the pulse period(Tp)and the moment magnitude(MW)

表2 PGV随MW和R变化关系的统计模型<br/>Tab.2 Statistical model of pulse peak PGV changing with the moment magnitude(MW)and the fault distance(R)

表2 PGV随MW和R变化关系的统计模型
Tab.2 Statistical model of pulse peak PGV changing with the moment magnitude(MW)and the fault distance(R)

图4 本文得到的PGV随MW和R的关系模型及其与前人模型的对比<br/>Fig.4 Models of the relation between velocity pulse peak(PGV)and magnitude(MW) and fault distance(R)in this paper,and the models given by other researchers

图4 本文得到的PGV随MW和R的关系模型及其与前人模型的对比
Fig.4 Models of the relation between velocity pulse peak(PGV)and magnitude(MW) and fault distance(R)in this paper,and the models given by other researchers

图5 加速度脉冲(a)与非加速度脉冲(b)的反应谱,及二者的均值谱(c)和均值谱比值(d)<br/>Fig.5 Acceleration response spectra of the acceleration pulse(a)and the non-acceleration pulse(b) and their mean spectra(c)and their ratio(d)

图5 加速度脉冲(a)与非加速度脉冲(b)的反应谱,及二者的均值谱(c)和均值谱比值(d)
Fig.5 Acceleration response spectra of the acceleration pulse(a)and the non-acceleration pulse(b) and their mean spectra(c)and their ratio(d)

图6 简谐波激励下4种Bouc-Wen模型随振幅增加的力-位移关系(a)及在不同r值下结构的最大位移均值比(b)<br/>Fig.6 The force-displacement relationships varying with amplitude increase obtained by four Bouc-Wen models excited by the simple harmonic wave(a)and the maximum displacement mean ratio obtained by four Bouc-Wen models of different r value(b)

图6 简谐波激励下4种Bouc-Wen模型随振幅增加的力-位移关系(a)及在不同r值下结构的最大位移均值比(b)
Fig.6 The force-displacement relationships varying with amplitude increase obtained by four Bouc-Wen models excited by the simple harmonic wave(a)and the maximum displacement mean ratio obtained by four Bouc-Wen models of different r value(b)

李华聪, 钟菊芳.2021.最强脉冲方向分量的周期特性及其影响因素分析[J].地震研究,22(1):96-104.
Li H C,Zhong J F.2021.Analysis of the periodic characteristics and influencing factors of the strongest pulse direction component[J].Earthquake Research, 22(1): 96-104.(in Chinese)
韦韬,赵凤新,张郁山.2006.近断层速度脉冲的地震动特性研究[J].地震学报,28(6):629-637.
Wei T,Zhao F X,Zhang Y S.2006.Characteristics of near-fault ground motion containing velocity pulses[J].Acta Seismology Sinica,28(6): 629-637.(in Chinese)
于建,赵立财.2023.近断层脉冲型地震动作用下BRB框剪结构减震性能设计研究[J].地震研究,46(4):575-585.
Yu J,Zhao L C.2023.Research on damping performance design of BRB Frame-shear structure by Near-fault Pulse-like ground motions[J].Journal of Seismological Research,46(4):575-585.(in Chinese)
赵晓芬,温增平,陈波.2018.近断层地震动最强速度脉冲方向分量特性研究[J].地震学报,40(5):673-688.
Zhao X F,Wen Z P,Chen B.2018.Analysis on the period characteristics of the strongest pulse direction component and its influence factors[J].Acta Seismology Sinica,40(5)673-688.(in Chinese)
Alavi B,Krawinkler H.2004.Behavior of moment-resisting frame structures subjected to near-fault ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics,33(6):687-706.
Antonellis G,Panagiotou M.2014.Seismic response of bridges with rocking foundations compared to fixed-base bridges at a nearfault site[J].Journal of Bridge Structures,19(5):401-417.
Baker J W.2007.Quantitative classification of near-fault ground motions using wavelet analysis[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,97(5):1486-1501.
Bray J D,Rodriguez-Marek A.2004.Characterization of forward-directivity ground motions in the near-fault region[J].Soil Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering,24(11):815-828.
Campbell K W,Bozorgnia Y.2014.NGA-West2 ground motion model for the average horizontal components of PGA,PGV,and 5% damped linear acceleration response spectra[J].Earthquake Spectra,30(3):1087-1115.
Chang Z,Luca F D,Goda K.2019.Near-fault acceleration pulses and non-acceleration pulses:Effects on the inelastic displacement ratio[J].Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics,48(11):1256-1276.
Chang Z,Sun X,Zhai C,et al.2016.An improved energy-based approach for selecting pulse-like ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics,45(14):2405-2411.
Dickinson B W,Gavin H P.2011.Parametric statistical generalization of uniform-hazard earthquake ground motions[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,137(3):410-422.
Guo G,Yang D,Liu Y.2018.Duration effect of near-fault pulse-like ground motions and identification of most suitable duration measure[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,16(11):5095-5119.
Kale O,Akkar S,Ansari A,et al.2015.A ground-motion predictive model for iran and turkey for horizontal PGA,PGV,and 5% damped response spectrum:Investigation of possible regional effects[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,105(2A):963-980.
Kardoutsou V,Taflampas I,Psycharis I N.2014.A new method for the classification of ground motions as pulse-like or non pulse-like[C]//Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology.
Mavroeidis G P,Papageorgiou A S.2003.A mathematical representation of near-fault ground motions[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,93(3):1099-1131.
Mazza,Fabio.2018.Seismic demand of base-isolated irregular structures subjected to pulse-type earthquakes[J].Soil Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering,108(5):111-129.
Nigdeli S M,Boduro H M.2013.Active tendon control of torsionally irregular structures under near-fault ground motion excitation[J].Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering,1558(3):437-440.
Shahi S K,Baker J W.2013.A probabilistic framework to include the effects of near-fault directivity in seismic hazard assessment[R].Berkeley:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,1-77.
Somerville P G.2003.Magnitude scaling of the near fault rupture directivity pulse[J].Physics of the Earth & Planetary Interiors,137(1-4):201-212.
Zhai C,Chang Z,Li S,et al.2013.Quantitative identification of near-fault pulse-like ground motions based on energy[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,103(5):2591-2603.

备注

引言

1 脉冲周期

2 脉冲幅值与震级和断层距关系

3 反应谱分析

5 结论

期刊信息