地震研究

随着“中国大陆构造环境监测网络”项目中绝对重力仪数量和类型的不断增加,绝对重力观测数据解算基准存在着由于不同仪器系统偏差造成的不统一,影响了时变重力数据解算的精度和准确性。为研究绝对重力仪间系统偏差,通过分析2024年度10台绝对重力仪的同址集中比测数据,采用加权最小二乘平差方法对数据进行统一解算,获得了3个测点重力标准参考值和各仪器的系统偏差,最后综合对比分析陆态网络历期比测结果。结果表明:①10台绝对重力仪的系统偏差为-3.42～4.50 μGal,观测精度为 0.69～3.38 μGal,仪器间系统偏差在数个μGal量级; ②参加2023、2024两期比测的6台仪器系统偏差的变化值与重力基准变化值的偏差为-1.31～3.69 μGal,表明陆态网络观测使用绝对重力仪性能稳定,适合用于探测地震相关的微小重力变化信号; ③陆态网络9期比测的绝对重力仪系统偏差全部优于5 μGal,FG5、FG5X型绝对重力仪的系统偏差标准差维持在2 μGal左右,而A10型绝对重力仪的系统偏差标准差最大达4.56 μGal,因此各仪器的系统偏差在高精度重力测量中应予以考虑。

As the number and the type of absolute gravimeters involved in the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)continue to increase,there is inconsistency in the calculation benchmark of absolute gravity observation data due to systematic deviations of different gravimeters,which affects the precision of time-varying gravity data calculation.To study the systematic deviation between absolute gravimeters,this article analyzes the concentrated comparison data of 10 absolute gravimeters in the same location in 2024,and uses the weighted least squares adjustment method to uniformly solve the data.Three gravity standard reference values and systematic deviations of each instrument are obtained,and finally,the historical results of the terrestrial network are comprehensively compared and analyzed.Research has shown that:① The systematic deviation of 10 absolute gravimeters is in the range of -3.42-4.5 μGal,the observation accuracy is in the range of 0.69-3.38 μGal,and the systematic deviation between instruments is in the order of μGal magnitude; ② The deviation of the six instrument systems involved in the comparative measurements in 2023 and 2024 from the gravity reference is between-1.31 μGal and 3.69 μGal.The use of absolute gravimeters for terrestrial network observation has stable performance and is suitable for detecting weak signals of gravity change related to earthquakes.③ The systematic deviation of all absolute gravimeters involved in 9 terms of the CMONOC measurement is better than 5 μGal,and the standard deviation of the systematic deviation of gravimeter FG5 and gravimeter FG5X is keeping at around 2 μGal,while the maximum standard deviation of the systematic deviation of gravimeter A10 is 4.56 μGal,so the systematic deviation of each instrument should be taken into account in high-precision gravity measurement.

引言
1 研究方法及数据处理
2 计算结果及分析
3 陆态网络历期比测结果对比分析
4 结论

图1 武汉大地测量站测点布设(a)与绝对重力仪比测现场(b)<br/>Fig.1 Layout of measurement points at Wuhan Geodetic Station(a)and a pictureof comparative observation of absolute gravimeters(b)

图1 武汉大地测量站测点布设(a)与绝对重力仪比测现场(b)
Fig.1 Layout of measurement points at Wuhan Geodetic Station(a)and a pictureof comparative observation of absolute gravimeters(b)

图2 2024年3月13—29日GWR iGrav-052超导重力仪观测结果<br/>Fig.2 Observations of superconducting gravimeterGWR iGrav-052 during 13-29 March,2024

图2 2024年3月13—29日GWR iGrav-052超导重力仪观测结果
Fig.2 Observations of superconducting gravimeterGWR iGrav-052 during 13-29 March,2024

图3 自由落体型绝对重力仪测量原理(修改自贾剑刚,2019)<br/>Fig.3 Measurement principle of free-fall type,absolute gravimeter(modified based on Jia,2019)

图3 自由落体型绝对重力仪测量原理(修改自贾剑刚,2019)
Fig.3 Measurement principle of free-fall type,absolute gravimeter(modified based on Jia,2019)

表1 参与2024年度绝对重力仪比测的仪器信息<br/>Tab.1 Information of the absolute gravimeters applied to the comparative measurement in the year 2024

表1 参与2024年度绝对重力仪比测的仪器信息
Tab.1 Information of the absolute gravimeters applied to the comparative measurement in the year 2024

图4 2024年3月15日FG5X-246型绝对重力仪在IGG009测点的25组重力观测结果<br/>Fig.4 Twenty-five groups of observational results from FG5X-246 at Point IGG009 on 15 March,2024

图4 2024年3月15日FG5X-246型绝对重力仪在IGG009测点的25组重力观测结果
Fig.4 Twenty-five groups of observational results from FG5X-246 at Point IGG009 on 15 March,2024

表2 3个测点的重力垂直梯度<br/>Tab.2 Vertical gradient of gravity at three measurement points

表2 3个测点的重力垂直梯度
Tab.2 Vertical gradient of gravity at three measurement points

图5 各仪器在3个测点的原始绝对重力观测值<br/>Fig.5 Original absolute gravity observations of theinstruments at 3 measurement points

图5 各仪器在3个测点的原始绝对重力观测值
Fig.5 Original absolute gravity observations of theinstruments at 3 measurement points

表3 2023和2024年3个测点的重力标准参考值及两者的变化值<br/>Tab.3 Standard reference values of gravity for threemeasurement points in the year 2023 and 2024,and the gravity variation in these two years

表3 2023和2024年3个测点的重力标准参考值及两者的变化值
Tab.3 Standard reference values of gravity for threemeasurement points in the year 2023 and 2024,and the gravity variation in these two years

图6 2024年(a)和2023年(b)各绝对重力仪之间的系统偏差、2024年和2023年6台仪器的系统偏差(c)及其与基准变化值的偏差(d)<br/>Fig.6 Systematic deviation between the absolute gravimeters in 2024(a)and 2023(b); the systematic deviation between 6 gravimeters in 2024 and 2023(c),deviation between the systematic deviation between 6 gravimeters and the benchmark variation values(d)

图6 2024年(a)和2023年(b)各绝对重力仪之间的系统偏差、2024年和2023年6台仪器的系统偏差(c)及其与基准变化值的偏差(d)
Fig.6 Systematic deviation between the absolute gravimeters in 2024(a)and 2023(b); the systematic deviation between 6 gravimeters in 2024 and 2023(c),deviation between the systematic deviation between 6 gravimeters and the benchmark variation values(d)

表4 陆态网络9期测量绝对重力仪间的系统偏差<br/>Tab.4 Systematic deviations between absolute gravimeters applied to the 9 terms of CMONOC measurement

表4 陆态网络9期测量绝对重力仪间的系统偏差
Tab.4 Systematic deviations between absolute gravimeters applied to the 9 terms of CMONOC measurement

图7 历期比测结果的仪器间系统偏差标准差分布<br/>Fig.7 Standard deviation distribution of inter-instrument systematic deviation fromhistorical comparison results

图7 历期比测结果的仪器间系统偏差标准差分布
Fig.7 Standard deviation distribution of inter-instrument systematic deviation fromhistorical comparison results

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备注

引言

1 研究方法及数据处理

2 计算结果及分析

3 陆态网络历期比测结果对比分析

4 结论

期刊信息