2025年缅甸7.9级地震典型建筑震害特征调查及分析

(云南省地震局,云南 昆明 650224)

缅甸7.9级地震; 震害特征; 木结构; 框架结构; 砌体结构; 钢结构; 佛塔

Investigation and Analysis of the Seismic Damage to the Typical Buildings in the 2025 Myanmar M7.9 Earthquake
YE Yang,YANG Jianqiang,ZHANG Fanghao,Alata,MING Xiaona,CHEN Jiankun

(Yunnan Earthquake Agency,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)

the Myanmar M7.9 earthquake; seismic damage; timber structure; frame structure; masonry structure; steel structure; pagoda

DOI: 10.20015/j.cnki.ISSN1000-0666.2026.0001

备注

通过对2025年缅甸7.9级地震进行震后实地调查,归纳了受灾地区各类建筑的结构特征,总结和分析了各类建筑的震害,介绍了本次地震中地形因素如断层、陡坎、地基液化等对建筑结构造成的震害,探讨了本次地震人员伤亡水平较低的原因。结果表明:①绝大多数木结构未出现明显震害现象,木结构受损主要因为节点强度不足、木构件腐蚀; ②砌体结构震害严重,倒塌率高,是因为使用年限长、抗震构件强度低、未进行抗震设计、长期未得到有效修缮和加固; ③相较于我国抗震设计规范,框架结构存在梁柱构件无箍筋加密区、箍筋间距大等构造缺陷,也存在平面刚度不均匀或竖向刚度不均匀的现象; ④钢结构的震害主要是填充墙的震害,因为钢结构柔性大,而墙体强度较低; ⑤佛塔受损严重的原因是整体性不强,材料强度低。
A great earthquake(M7.9)occurred in Myanmar on March 28,2025.Based on the field investigation after the earthquake,the structural characteristics of the buildings in the earthquake disaster area are summarized,and the typical seismic damage to the buildings is analyzed.The results show that:Most timber structures have no obvious seismic damage; there is only some tiny damage to the timber structures' insufficient-strength joints and the corrosive components; masonry structures are damaged severely; the main reason is that most masonry structures were built long time ago; the masonry structures lack seismic design,and their aseismic components have low strength.Furthermore,the masonry structures have not got reinforcement or repaire during tenancy.In the light of the Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2025),the frame structures in the disaster areas in Myanmar have the following defects:beams and columns do not have hoop reinforcement confinement zone,but there exists excessive stirrup spacing.Many frame structures have plane or vertical irregular rigidity.The seismic damage to steel structure is featured by the infilled walls,thanks to the high flexibility of the steel structure and the low strength of the infilled wall.Pagodas are damaged severely due to their poor integrity and low-strength material.The terrain factors such as fault,scarp,and foundation liquefaction also play a role in the damage to the buildings in the disaster area.Finally,the reasons of low casualties in this earthquake event are discussed.
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