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Title:: Study on the Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Changes of Earthquake Disaster in Guanzhong Region during the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

作者:: 魏本勇¹; 李晓宇¹; 2; 文彦君²; 张腾飞¹; (1.中国地震局地质研究所,北京 100029; 2.宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院,陕西宝鸡 721013)

Author(s):: WEI Benyong¹; LI Xiaoyu¹; 2; WEN Yanjun²; ZHANG Tengfei¹; (1.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029,China)(2.College of geography and Environment,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi,China)

Keywords:: earthquake disaster; the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty; Guanzhong region

摘要:: 通过《陕西省志·地震志》《中国地震目录》等汇编性史料提取明清时期(1368—1912年)关中地区地震发生频次、位置、震级和地震灾害影响等信息,应用指标统计、滑动平均及语义差异分析等方法,建立关中地区地震灾害时空变化图并分析特征。结果表明:①明清时期关中地区地震有显著的阶段性、年代际和季节变化特征。1474—1676年是当地地震相对活跃期,其中1500年代和1480年代地震发生频次最高,且多发于夏季。②地震震中主要分布于关中地区中东部,且随时间变化震中逐渐分散,地震频次及强度也随之减弱。③关中地区历史地震高发期处于汾渭地震带第二活动期中,且区域空间分布特征为东强西弱。受多灾叠加、社会动荡及经济发展等因素影响,“小震大灾”情景时有发生。

Abstract:: By referring to the Earthquake Records of the Annals of Shaanxi Province,the China Earthquake Catalogue,and other historical materials,we obtain the earthquake frequency,location,magnitude,and earthquake disasters in Guanzhong region during the Ming and the Qing Dynasties(1368-1912).Through index statistics,sliding average and semantic difference analysis,we draw the map of the temporal and spatial variation of the earthquake disasters in Guanzhong region and further analyze the characteristics of the variation.The results show that:①The earthquakes during the Ming and the Qing Dynasties are significantly characterized as periodic,chronical,and seasonal changes.Earthquakes in this region were relatively active in the period from 1474 to 1676.The earthquakes occurred most frequently in 1480s and 1500s,especially in the Summer of these specific years.②The earthquake epicenters were mainly distributed in the central and eastern parts of Guanzhong region,then gradually scattered along with time,followed with the weakening of the frequency and intensity.③In Guanzhong region,the high incidence period of the historical earthquakes fell in the second active period of the Fenhe-Weihe earthquake zone,and the earthquakes distributed dense in the east and sparse in the west.Due to superposition effect of disasters,social unrest and economic situation,the case of “small earthquakes causing major disasters” occur from time to time.