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《地震研究》[ISSN:1000-0666/CN:53-1062/P]

卷:

期数:

2025年02期

页码:

300-311

栏目:

出版日期:

2025-02-10

文章信息/Info

Title:

Characterization of the Observed Geophysical Anomalies Prior to Strong Earthquakes in Chinese Mainland

作者:

刘洁¹; 2; 季灵运³; 石富强¹; 3; 呼楠¹; 2; 祁玉萍⁴; 王光明⁵; 张丽峰⁶; 郭蕾⁷; 姜佳佳⁸

(1.陕西省地震局,陕西 西安710068; 2.陕西西安地球深部构造中国地震局野外科学观测研究站,陕西 西安 710068; 3.中国地震局第二监测中心,陕西 西安 710054; 4.四川省地震局,四川 成都 610041; 5.云南省地震局,云南 昆明 650224; 6.青海省地震局,青海 西宁 810001; 7.河北省地震局,河北 石家庄 050021; 8.甘肃省地震局,甘肃 兰州 050021)

Author(s):

LIU Jie¹; 2; JI Lingyun³; SHI Fuqiang¹; 2; HU Nan¹; 2; QI Yuping⁴; WANG Guangming⁵; ZHANG Lifeng⁶; GUO Lei⁷; JIANG Jiajia⁸

(1.Shaanxi Earthquake Agency,Xi'an 710068,Shaanxi,China)(2.Shaanxi Xi'an Deep Earth Structure Observation and Research Station of China EarthquakeAdministration,Xi'an 710068,Shaanxi,China)(3.The Second Monitoring and Application Center,China Earthquake Administration,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi,China)(4.Sichuan Earthquake Agency,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China)(5.Yunnan Earthquake Agency,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)(6.Qinghai Earthquake Agency,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China)(7.Hebei Earthquake Agency,Shijiazhuang 050021,Hebei,China)(8.Gansu Earthquake Agency,Lanzhou 050021,Gansu,China)

关键词:

大陆强震;  地球物理场;  时空特征;  演化模式

Keywords:

strong earthquakes in Chinese Mainland;  geophysical field;  temporal and spatial characteristics;  evolutionary patterns

分类号:

P315.72

DOI:

10.20015/j.cnki.ISSN1000-0666.2025.0032

摘要:

为寻求强震震前异常特征及规律,梳理1966—2017年中国大陆西部M_S≥7.0地震和东部M_S≥6.0地震的震前异常数量和特征,发现这33次强震前共有975项地球物理场观测异常。其中,地下流体异常435项、电磁异常153项、形变异常282项、其他异常105项。地下流体异常以水氡、水位和水温为主,电磁异常以地电阻率和地磁为主,形变异常以倾斜、水准和体应变为主。分析结果表明:① 震前各项异常呈现明显的阶段性,中长期阶段以趋势类异常为主,短临期阶段以突变类异常为主。② 不同地区内的地震震前异常数量和特征存在差异,在短临阶段,南北地震带中北段以流体和形变为主; 南北地震带南段以地下流体水化为主; 青藏地块内部以流体和电磁为主,数量呈“持续增长”; 华北地块北缘以流体和电磁为主,数量呈“先增后减”; 华南地块周缘以地球物理场异常的准同步特征为主。③ 结合典型异常的机理,对长中短临各个阶段的演化模式进行了综合讨论。以水位、地电阻率和变形速度为例,认为其各个阶段的演化特征符合亚失稳模型中应力条件发生改变的过程。

Abstract:

In order to find out the characteristics and patterns of the anomalies before strong earthquakes,we sort out 975 geophysical anomalies before 33 strong earthquakes(M_S≥6.0)in Chinese Mainland from 1966 to 2017.Among these anomalies,there are 435 underground fluid anomalies,153 electromagnetic anomalies,282 deformation anomalies and 105 other anomalies.Underground fluid anomalies are mainly characterized by water radon,water level,and water temperature.Electromagnetic anomalies are mainly characterized by ground resistivity and geomagnetism.Deformation anomalies are mainly characterized by inclination,leveling,and volumetric strain.The analysis shows:①Anomalies evolved in distinct stages before the earthquakes.Trend-type anomalies were dominant in the middle and long term,and abrupt-variation anomalies were dominant in the short term.②The number and the feature of the anomalies in different regions differed.The fluid and deformation anomalies were dominant in the short-term stage in the northern and central parts of the North-South Seismic Belt.The Hydrogeological anomalies were dominant in the southern part of the North-South Belt.The fluid and electromagnetic anomalies were dominant in the inner part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Block.The number of these anomalies continuously grew.The fluid and electromagnetic anomalies were dominant in the northern edge of the North China Craton.The number of these anomalies increased first,then decreased.In the surrounding areas of the South China Craton,geophysical anomalies were mainly quasi-synchronous.In the light of the mechanism of typical anomalies,the evolutionary patterns of the anomalies in long term,medium term,short term,and impending period were discussed.For some anomalies like water level anomaly,earth resistivity anomaly,and deformation velocity anomaly,their evolutionary characteristics in each stage were consistent with the variation of the stress conditions according to the sub-instability model.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

收稿日期:2024-06-28.
基金项目:中国地震局地震科技星火计划项目(XH23039YA); 2024年度震情跟踪定向工作任务(2024010311); 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBMS-210,2022JQ-254,2023-JC-QN-0332).
第一作者简介:刘 洁(1989-),副研究员,主要从事地震预测预报研究工作.E-mail:muzixiulj_89@163.com.
通信作者简介:季灵运(1982-),研究员,主要从事地壳形变与大震预测研究工作.E-mail:dinsar010@163.com.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-03-10