地震研究

介绍了倾斜摄影测量方法、数据采集的基本原理,并对新疆皮山县附近20.08 km2的研究区进行了低空倾斜摄影测量数据采集与处理,获取了3.39 cm高分辨率DOM、DSM数据、9 cm分辨率的三维实景模型,以及等高线、坡度图等DSM衍生数据; 其次,依据152个地表像控点对DOM、DSM数据完成了精度评定,其点位平面中误差1.7 cm,高程中误差5.3 cm; 最后,借助上述高分辨率数字高程模型,对研究区内断层陡坎进行了地貌解译,提取了断层陡坎的垂直位移量:F1-2为(3.71±0.62)m、F2-3为(3.54±0.04)m、F3-4为(6.06±0.22)m、F4-5为(7.43±0.56)m、F5-6为(5.52±0.18)m、F6-7为(13.05±0.33)m。通过倾斜摄影测量技术获取了传统航测与卫星影像难以直接获得的具有真实地理坐标、可任意视角浏览与量测的三维实景模型,并提取了高精度的断层陡坎垂直位移值,显示了该技术在活动构造定量研究中具有广阔的应用前景。

In this paper,the oblique photogrammetry technology is introduced into the quantitative research of geological active structures.Firstly,the basic principle of the data acquisition and processing of tilt photogrammetry is introduced,and the data acquisition and processing of the low-altitude,tilt photogrammetry are carried out in the study area of 20.08 km2 in Pishan County,an earthquake-prone area in Xinjiang.The 3.39 cm high-resolution data of DOM,DSM,the 3D real scene modeling of 9 cm resolution,and DSM data such as contours,slopes are obtained.Secondly,according to 152 surface image control points,the accuracy of DOM and DSM data is evaluated,and the mean square error of the point plane is 1.7 cm,and the mean square error of elevation is 5.3 cm.Finally,with the help of the above-mentioned high-resolution digital model,the geomorphological interpretation of fault scarps in the study area was realized,and the vertical displacement of 7 terraces scarps was accurately extracted:F1-2(3.71±0.62)m,F2-3(3.54±0.04)m,F3-4(6.06±0.22)m,F4-5(7.43±0.56)m,F5-6(5.52±0.18)m,F6-7(13.05±0.33)m.Through oblique photogrammetry,the 3D real model,which is difficult to obtain by traditional aerial and satellite images,is directly obtained,and can be browsed and measured from any angle of view.The vertical displacement of terrace with real geographic coordinates is extracted too.The tilt photogrammetry technique has a broad application prospect in the quantitative study of geological active structures.

引言
1 倾斜摄影测量原理
2 研究区构造环境
3 数据采集与结果分析
4 地貌解译与定量参数的提取
5 结论

图1 倾斜摄影测量原理(a)与相机校准影像残差图(b)<br/>Fig.1 Principle of oblique photogrammetry(a)and residual of camera calibration(b)

图1 倾斜摄影测量原理(a)与相机校准影像残差图(b)
Fig.1 Principle of oblique photogrammetry(a)and residual of camera calibration(b)

图2 本文航测区域与地质构造分布<br/>Fig.2 Aerial survey area and geological structures

图2 本文航测区域与地质构造分布
Fig.2 Aerial survey area and geological structures

表1 倾斜摄影数据采集与处理参数<br/>Tab.1 Parameters of data acquisition and processing of tilt photography

表1 倾斜摄影数据采集与处理参数
Tab.1 Parameters of data acquisition and processing of tilt photography

图3 倾斜摄影数据采集设备(a、b、c)与航线规划图(d)<br/>Fig.3 Data-acquisition equipments for tilt photography(a,b,c)and route planning map(d)

图3 倾斜摄影数据采集设备(a、b、c)与航线规划图(d)
Fig.3 Data-acquisition equipments for tilt photography(a,b,c)and route planning map(d)

图4 倾斜摄影数据处理与结果<br/>Fig.4 Data processing and results of tilt photography

图4 倾斜摄影数据处理与结果
Fig.4 Data processing and results of tilt photography

图5 倾斜摄影测量三维实景建模<br/>Fig.5 3D real scene modeling of oblique Photogrammetry

图5 倾斜摄影测量三维实景建模
Fig.5 3D real scene modeling of oblique Photogrammetry

表2 地面控制点平面与高程中误差精度检验(单位:m)<br/>Tab.2 Accuracy check of the mean-square error of the plane and the elevation of ground control points(unit:m)

表2 地面控制点平面与高程中误差精度检验(单位:m)
Tab.2 Accuracy check of the mean-square error of the plane and the elevation of ground control points(unit:m)

图6 基于倾斜摄影三维模型的地貌特征初步解译图<br/>Fig.6 Preliminary interpretation of geomorphic features based on 3D model of oblique photography

图6 基于倾斜摄影三维模型的地貌特征初步解译图
Fig.6 Preliminary interpretation of geomorphic features based on 3D model of oblique photography

图7 重点区块DSM及其衍生图<br/>Fig.7 DSM and its derivative map of key blocks

图7 重点区块DSM及其衍生图
Fig.7 DSM and its derivative map of key blocks

图8 地形剖面线与坡度叠加分析图
Fig.8 Map of analysis of overlaid terrain profile and slope

图9 研究区正射影像图(a)与断层陡坎解译图(b)<br/>Fig.9 Map of the orthophoto(a)and the terrace interpretation(b)of the study block

图9 研究区正射影像图(a)与断层陡坎解译图(b)
Fig.9 Map of the orthophoto(a)and the terrace interpretation(b)of the study block

图10 断层陡坎垂直位移量确定示意图解<br/>Fig.10 Schematic diagram of determination of vertical fault of terrace

图10 断层陡坎垂直位移量确定示意图解
Fig.10 Schematic diagram of determination of vertical fault of terrace

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备注

引言

1 倾斜摄影测量原理

2 研究区构造环境

3 数据采集与结果分析

4 地貌解译与定量参数的提取

5 结论

期刊信息